- Article
- Source: Campus Sanofi
- Sep 17, 2025
AT1D Disease Overview
T1D is an autoimmune condition with a progressive decline in beta-cell function resulting in a decline in endogenous insulin production.1
aT1D starts long before symptoms appear & progresses through three distinct stages.2,3,4
By the time people with T1D display symptoms, B-cell mass is significantly reduced
Pre-symptomatic individuals with ≥ 2 islet autoantibodies have a near 100% lifetime probability of progressing to clinical stage 3 aT1D.5
Globally, the number of people living with aT1D is projected to increase by 116% reaching 17.4 million by 2040.6
In UAE, up to 80% of patients experience diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) event upon diagnosis, KSA found to have 67%
PERCENT OF AVERAGE DKA RATES AT DIAGNOSIS7,8
People hospitalized for DKA require stays of multiple days9*
Average length of hospital stay (children/adolescents) is 3-4 days9*†
25.5% of pediatric hospitalizations required ICU stay9*
19.4% 30-day all-cause readmission rate following a DKA event 10‡
*Data summarized from a systematic literature review of the economic impact of DKA.
†11 country average.
‡ Based on 94,668 index hospitalizations in a US retrospective database analysis conducted in 2018.
DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; ICU, intensive care unit
Incidence & Prevalence overview on Type 1 Diabetes UAE 12-15
Table 1 - Number of individuals with diabetes in each country, by age (2022)
|
Country |
Age <20 years |
Age 20-59 years |
Age >=60 years |
Total |
| United Arab Emirates | 1,560 | 11,188 | 517 | 13,263 |
1.52 M
14.94 %
1.26 M
12.36 %
6.52 M
64.15 %
0.67 M
6.59 %
0.20 M
1.96 %
p
Prevalence ~13.263 with T1D DIAGNOSIS
Incidence of 400 + new case
T1DM UAE Key Facts
- High rates of consanguinity & consanguineous marriages potentially increasing the genetic predisposition of T1DM.
- Local data show 38.8% of the patients presented in a state of DKA.11
- Positive family history of TIDM in a first-degree relative was reported in 18.1% of the patients11
- While studies from Denmark, Kuwait, Canada and Germany have found the rates of DKA in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes to be 17.9%, 24.8%, 25.6% and 35.2%, respectively, in United Arab Emirates, its rate was 80%. 16-18
- Saudi Arabia has one of the highest rates of DKA worldwide, with various studies showing that in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, these rates are 40% in the Eastern region, 55% in the Northwestern region and 67.2% in Riyadh city. 16-18
- KSA is one of the top 10 countries for estimated prevalent or incident cases of type 1 diabetes. 19
- KSA has more than 241,000 type 1 diabetes patients across different age groups. 20
Rate of DKA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in UAE
Incidence & Prevalence overview on Type 1 Diabetes KSA 12-15
SAUDI POPULATION BY AGE
8.72 M
24.34 %
4.69 M
13.10 %
18.59 M
51.86 %
2.47 M
6.89 %
1.36 M
3.81 %
KSA has more than 241,000 type 1 diabetes patients across different age groups.
|
Country |
Age <20 years |
Age 20-59 years |
Age >=60 years |
Totals |
|
Saudi Arabia |
49,118 |
177,957 |
14,202 |
241,348 |
Top 10 countries or territories for estimated number of incident (new) cases of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents (0-19 years) per annum
| Rank | Country or territory | Number of incident(new) cases (0-19 years) in thousands |
| 1 | India | 24.0 |
| 2 | United States of America | 18.2 |
| 3 | Brazil | 8.9 |
| 4 | Algeria | 6.5 |
| 5 | China | 6.1 |
| 6 | Morocco1 | 5.1 |
| 7 | Russian Federation | 4.0 |
| 8 | Nigeria | 3.8 |
| 9 | Saudi Arabia | 3.8 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.6 |
i The figure Morocco uses incidence rates extrapolated from Algeria
Top 10 countries or territories for estimated number of prevalent (existing) cases of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents (0-19 years) per annum
| Rank | Country or territory | Number of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (0-19 years) in thousands |
| 1 | India | 229.4 |
| 2 | United States of America | 157.9 |
| 3 | Brazil | 92.3 |
| 4 | China | 56.0 |
| 5 | Algeria | 50.8 |
| 6 | Morocco1 | 43.3 |
| 7 | Russian Federation | 38.1 |
| 8 | Germany | 35.1 |
| 9 | United Kingdom | 31.6 |
| 10 | Saudi Arabia | 28.9 |
i The figure Morocco uses incidence rates extrapolated from Algeria
- Roep BO, et al. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 2021;17:150–61.
- Sims EK, et. al. Diabetes 2022;71:610–3; Besser RE, et al. Pediatr Diabetes 2022;23:1175–87; ADA Professional Practice Committee. Diabetes Care 2024;47:S20–S42;
- Besser RE, et al. Pediatr Diabetes 2022;23:1175–87Besser REJ, Bell KJ, Couper JJ, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. Dec 2022;23(8):1175-1187. doi:10.1111/pedi.13410;
- ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. Jan 1 2023;46(Suppl 1):S19-s40. doi:10.2337/dc23-S002;
- Arvan P, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012;2 a007658; Ziegler AG, Rewers M, Simell O, et al. JAMA 2013.
- Gregory GA. Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Oct;10(10):741-760.
- Große J, Hornstein H, Manuwald U, Kugler J, Glauche I, Rothe U. Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Different Countries Correlates with Human Development Index (HDI): An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Horm Metab Res. Mar 2018;50(3):209-222. doi:10.1055/s-0044-10209
- Besser REJ, Bell KJ, Couper JJ, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. Dec 2022;23(8):1175-1187. doi:10.1111/pedi.13410
- Varughese B, et al. Value Health. 2022;25(12):S225.
- Shaka H, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(9):2592-9.
- Kaplan, et al.: The status of type 1 diabetes in children in the Eastern Region of the UAE
- https://t1dindex.shinyapps.io/dashboard/?loc_id=784&_ga=2.210561426.64895223.1712133368-617270022.1712133368
- https://www.t1dindex.org/countries/united-arab-emirates/
- https://www.globalmediainsight.com/blog/uae-population-statistics/#vs
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiratis
- Eledrisi MS, Elzouki AN. Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults: A Narrative Review. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2020 Sep-Dec;8(3):165-173. doi: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_478_19. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32952507; PMCID: PMC7485658.
- Carla J. Greenbaum et al; Diabetes 2021;70:1029–1037 | https://doi.org/10.2337/db20-1112
- Ann Saudi Med 2022; 42(2): 119-126. DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2022.119
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th edition. Accessed November 3, 2023. https://diabetesatlas.org/
- Robert, Asirvatham Alwin, et al. "Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: a soaring epidemic." International journal of pediatrics 2018.1 (2018): 9408370.
- Gregory GA, Robinson TIG, Linklater SE, et al. Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Oct 2022;10(10):741-760. doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00218-2;
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th edition. Accessed November 3, 2023. https://diabetesatlas.org/
- Harding JL, Wander PL, Zhang X, et al. The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions. Diabetes Care. Apr 1 2022;45(4):994-1006. doi:10.2337/dc21-1752
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