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  1. Article
  2. Source: Campus Sanofi
  3. Sep 16, 2025

Disease Progression Monitoring

Author: Sanofi

Editorial Team

Smoldering Disease Burden
Smoldering Disease Overview
Mechanism of Smoldering Disease
BTK Enzyme
Smoldering Disease Detection
Disease Progression Monitoring

Smoldering disease starts early, and persists throughout the disease course1

Proactively monitoring patients for disability accumulation independent of relapses can help identify patients with PIRA and nrSPMS5

Patient reports are an integral part of detecting and acknowledging gradual changes of disability. However, patients may experience difficult6:

  • Noticing the gradual onset of symptoms
  • Connecting their disability with their MS diagnosis
  • Articulating their signs and symptoms clearly

Clinical assessment tools are available to monitor changes in disability progression7,8:

Proactively monitoring patients for disability accumulation independent of relapses can help identify patients with PIRA and nrSPMS1

Smoldering neuroinflammation can drive disease progression across the MS disease spectrum-from RRMS to nrSPMS9,10

The damage from smoldering neuroinflammation can accumulate slowly and manifest as gradual physical and/or cognitive changes over years prior to nrSPMS diagnosis1,11
• Physical decline may present as reduced mobility, fatigue, worsening bladder control, vision, speech, sexual dysfunction, and pain5,12
• Cognitive decline may present as trouble concentrating, difficulty multitasking, being less productive at work, brain fog, and changes in mood/personality5

Patient reports are an integral part of detecting and acknowledging gradual changes of disability. However, patients may have trouble recognizing these changes5

Clinical assessment tools such as EDSS, 9-HPT, T25FW, and SDMT are available to monitor changes in disability progressions7,8

Non-pharmacological interventions may help manage a patient's disability accumulation and may improve quality of life13-15

Non-pharmacological interventions may help manage a patient's disability accumulation and may improve quality of life13-15

Cognitive13,14

  • Mindfulness-based approaches
  • Cognitive rehabiliton

     

Physical5,15

  • Physiotherapy and physical rehabilitation
  • Exercise and weight management
  • Dietary modiification

Social13

  • Social and group support

For more information about Acute and Smoldering Inflammation, click on this link:

MAT-KW-2500337/v1/Sept2025  

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