AFRS OVERVIEW
<h3>AFRS IS A DISTINCT SUBTYPE OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) DRIVEN BY TYPE 2 INFLAMMATION4</h3>

AFRS affects ~12 million people worldwide, with highest prevalence observed in warm, humid regions1,5
AFRS is characterized by1,6:
<ul>
 <li>IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to fungal elements</li>
 <li>An accumulation of eosinophilic mucin within the sinuses</li>
 <li>Unilateral presentation of polyps is possible</li>
</ul>

<h3>Proactively identify AFRS to limit disease progression before structural damage occurs7</h3>
CCAD, central compartment allergy disease; CRSwNP, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; eCRS, eosinophilic CRS.

DISTINCT FEATURES AND BURDEN
<h3>RECOGNIZE DISTINCT FEATURES OF AFRS BEFORE SEVERE STRUCTURAL DAMAGE OCCURS</h3>

While sharing features with CRS with nasal polyps, including polyp formation, type 2 inflammation, and eosinophilic mucin, AFRS exhibits defining clinical manifestations6

CURRENT TREATMENT LIMITATIONS
<h3>THE CURRENT STANDARD OF CARE OFFERS ONLY SHORT-TERM RESULTS IN AFRS3,12,13</h3>

Commonly used treatments leave patients with AFRS in a cycle of chronic inflammation and relapse3,12,13

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Antifungal agents and allergen immunotherapy are not recommended for the treatment of AFRS, according to the International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology14</h3>

AE, adverse event; FESS, functional endoscopic sinus surgery; INCS, intranasal corticosteroids; SCS, systemic corticosteroids.

SUMMARY
<h3>PATIENTS NEED MORE THAN THE CURRENT STANDARD OF CARE IN AFRS</h3>

Sinus surgery and systemic steroids have long-term limitations despite short-term benefits, leaving patients with AFRS at risk of symptom recurrence3,9

<a href="https://pro.campus.sanofi/dam/Portal/UAE/Products/dupixent/index/pdf/Dupixent-API-UAE.pdf" target="_blank">Dupixent API</a>

References

The management of AFRS remains challenging to reduce disease burden and limit potential structural damage complications

Management of ALLERGIC FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS (AFRS): A sever type 2 Inflammatory Disease 

DUPIXENT

CHRONIC-RHINOSINUSITIS-WITH-NASAL-POLYPS-CRSWNP

RHINOLOGY

<h3>Study Design and Methodology of the NIRSE-GAL Study in Galicia</h3>
The NIRSE-GAL study is an ongoing population-based, prospective, longitudinal study conducted in Galicia, Spain. It includes infants eligible to receive nirsevimab and evaluates its impact on RSV-related outcomes in both inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings.1

<h3 style="text-align:center;">NIRSE-GAL: Population-Based Prospective Study of Nirsevimab in Infants (1)</h3>

Abbreviations:

<h3>Clinical Outcomes from the NIRSE-GAL Study in Infants Receiving Nirsevimab</h3>
Clinical outcomes were compared with historical RSV seasons before the introduction of nirsevimab to evaluate reductions in RSV-related clinical events. The primary endpoint was RSV-related LRTI hospitalisation.1

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Primary Outcome of the NIRSE-GAL Study (1)</h3>
RSV-related LRTI hospitalisations were assessed from their first RSV (2023-24) until the end of their second RSV season (2024-25).
RSV-Related LRTI Hospitalisations&nbsp;Across Two Seasons

Nirsevimab prophylaxis showed sustained reductions in RSV-related LRTI hospitalisations across two seasons.

<h3>Secondary Outcomes of the NIRSE-GAL Study</h3>
Secondary endpoints included LRTI hospitalisation, acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis hospitalisation, and all-cause hospitalisation.1

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Secondary Outcomes of NIRSE-GAL Study Across Two Seasons (1)&nbsp;</h3>

Recurrence and Outpatient Outcomes First recurrent hospitalisations in the second RSV season decreased significantly: 78.2% for RSV-related LRTI, 62.4% for LRTI, and 76.9% for acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis.1 Outpatient visits related to respiratory illnesses, including bronchitis, bronchiolitis, wheezing, and asthma, also declined, suggesting a broader reduction in healthcare burden and potential economic benefits.1 Conclusion Universal nirsevimab prophylaxis in the NIRSE-GAL study significantly reduced RSV-related hospitalisations and outpatient morbidity, with sustained reductions extending into the second RSV season.1 These findings provide strong population-level evidence supporting infant immunization strategies and cost-effectiveness evaluations.1

References:

The NIRSE-GAL study is an ongoing population-based, prospective, longitudinal study conducted in Galicia, Spain. It includes infants eligible to receive nirsevimab and evaluates its impact on RSV-related outcomes in both inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings.

Real-World Effectiveness of Nirsevimab: Evidence from the NIRSE-GAL Study

VACCINES

RESPIRATORY-SYNCYTIAL-VIRUS

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Management of ALLERGIC FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS (AFRS): A sever type 2 Inflammatory Disease

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