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Mechanism of Disease


ITP is a disease of complex immune dysregulation1-3

Illustration of the immune dysregulation in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), including B cell antiplatelet antibody production and subsequent platelet destruction via macrophages, imbalance of proinflammatory factors and dysregulation of T cells, and increased NLRP3 inflammasome expression.

B cells produce an abundance of antiplatelet autoantibodies, leading to the destruction of platelets via phagocytosis by macrophages and impaired thrombopoiesis1-3

Inflammation occurs via an imbalance of proinflammatory factors (eg, IFNγ, TNF-α) and dysregulation of T cells. This is further amplified by increased NLRP3 inflammasome expression in other immune cells1-3

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Treatments designed to achieve multi-immune modulation aim to better address the complex immune dysregulation of ITP1-3,5,6

BTK is at the source of complex immune dysregulation1-3,7-9

In autoimmune conditions, BTK has a role in the following immune cell functions1-3,7-9:

Illustration showing the role of BTK in B cell differentiation and antibody production.
Illustration showing the role of BTK in macrophage phagocytosis.
Illustration showing the role of BTK in activating the inflammasome.

View platelet response results with WAYRILZ

Learn how WAYRILZ targets complex immune dysregulation1-3,10

BCR, B-cell receptor; BTK, Bruton's tyrosine kinase; BTKi, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor; FcγR, Fe gamma receptor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; ITP, immune thrombocytopenia; MOA, mechanism of action; NLRP3, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein 3; Tc, cytotoxic T [cell]; Th, helper T [cell]; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

INDICATION

WAYRILZ™ (rilzabrutinib) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who have had an insufficient response to a previous treatment.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Serious Infections: An increased risk of serious infections (including bacterial, viral, or fungal) can occur in patients treated with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, including WAYRILZ. Fatal pneumonia occurred in one participant treated with WAYRILZ in the LUNA-3 trial. Other serious infections [one each (0.8%)] included COVID-19 infection, wound infection, urinary tract infection and kidney abscess. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infection and treat appropriately.

Hepatotoxicity, Including Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI): Hepatotoxicity, including severe, life-threatening, and potentially fatal cases of DILI, can occur in patients treated with BTK inhibitors. Elevations of liver transaminases occurred with WAYRILZ in the ITP clinical trials and were generally mild to moderate in severity. Evaluate bilirubin and transaminases at baseline and as clinically indicated during treatment with WAYRILZ. For patients who develop abnormal liver tests after WAYRILZ, monitor more frequently. If DILI is suspected, withhold WAYRILZ. Upon confirmation of DILI, discontinue WAYRILZ.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Based on findings from preliminary animal reproduction studies, WAYRILZ may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating WAYRILZ treatment. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception while taking WAYRILZ and for 1 week after the final dose.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Most common adverse reactions reported (incidence ≥10%) were diarrhea, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, and COVID-19.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

  • Avoid concomitant use of WAYRILZ with strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors, which increases the risk of WAYRILZ adverse reactions. If short term use of these inhibitors cannot be avoided, interrupt treatment with WAYRILZ. Avoid concomitant use of grapefruit, starfruit and products containing these fruits, and Seville oranges with WAYRILZ.
  • Avoid concomitant use with a strong or moderate CYP3A inducer, which may reduce WAYRILZ efficacy.
  • Administer the dose of WAYRILZ at least 2 hours before administration of an antacid or histamine H2 receptor antagonist. Avoid concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors with WAYRILZ. Concomitant use of acid reducing agents may reduce WAYRILZ efficacy.
  • Rilzabrutinib is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A and increases exposure of these substrates. Monitor for adverse reactions and consider dosage adjustment of the CYP3A substrate.
  • Rilzabrutinib is an inhibitor of P-gp, BCRP and OATP1B in vitro. The effect of concomitant use of WAYRILZ with OATP1B and BCRP substrates has not been established in clinical studies. Monitor for adverse reactions of the concurrently administered P-gp, BCRP, or OATP1B substrate more frequently where minimal substrate concentration changes may lead to serious adverse reactions.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

  • Lactation: Due to the potential for adverse reactions in a breastfed child from WAYRILZ, advise lactating women not to breastfeed while taking WAYRILZ and for at least 1 week after the final dose
  • Hepatic Impairment: Avoid administration of WAYRILZ in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B-C)
  • Renal Impairment: Avoid use in patients with severe renal impairment

Please see full Prescribing Information.

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INDICATION

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

References: 1. Andreescu M. The link between immune thrombocytopenia and the cytokine profile: a bridge to new therapeutical targets. Front Hematol. 2023;2:1191178. 2. Qiao J, Liu Y, Li X, et al. Elevated expression of NLRP3 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Immunol Res. 2016;64(2):431-437. 3. Schifferli A, Cavalli F, Godeau B, et al. Understanding immune thrombocytopenia: looking out of the box. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:613192. 4. Kashiwagi H, Tomiyama Y. Pathophysiology and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Int J Hematol. 2013;98(1):24-33. 5. Audia S, Bonnotte B. Emerging therapies in immune thrombocytopenia. J Clin Med. 2021;10(5):1004. 6. Mingot-Castellano ME, Bastida JM, Caballero-Navarro G, et al. Novel therapies to address unmet needs in ITP. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15(7):779. 7. Zhu S, Gokhale S, Jung J, et al. Multifaceted immunomodulatory effects of the BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and acalabrutinib on different immune cell subsets – beyond B lymphocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021; 9:727531. 8. Neys SFH, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase in inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:668131. 9. Kuter DJ, Bussel JB, Ghanima W, et al. Rilzabrutinib versus placebo in adults and adolescents with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia: LUNA 3 phase III study. Ther Adv Hematol. 2023;14:20406207231205431. 10. WAYRILZ. Prescribing information. Sanofi, Inc.

© 2025 Sanofi. All rights reserved. WAYRILZ, HemAssist, and Sanofi are trademarks of Sanofi or an affiliate. All other trademarks above are the property of their respective owners, who have no affiliation or relationship with Sanofi. MAT-US-2508701-v1.0-08/2025