Discover the real-life impact of autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) through the perspective of Sigurd’s parents. In this testimonial, they share their experiences of missed early signs, the sudden shock of diagnosis, and the profound impact that T1D has had on their family life.
In this testimonial film, Sigurd’s parents reflect on how they overlooked signs of Sigurd developing autoimmune T1D, the moment of realization, the shock of diagnosis, how their lives changed overnight, and what earlier detection could have meant:
<ul>
 <li>Sigurd’s mother speaks candidly about the toll of constant glucose monitoring device alarms and the emotional strain on their other children.</li>
 <li>Sigurd’s father shares how his lived experience with autoimmune T1D helped them adapt to Sigurd’s diagnosis. He also shares his opinions about whether he would have wanted to know in advance that Sigurd was developing autoimmune T1D.</li>
</ul>

Sigurd’s parent's message to healthcare professionals is clear: early detection through autoantibody screening has many benefits. It offers time to prepare, it can support families psychologically, and it can lessen the shock of diagnosis, for everyone whose daily life may be affected by autoimmune T1D.

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Part 1: How parents perceive the risk of their child developing autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes</h3>

Parent's experiences of stage 3 diagnosis of T1D.

TYPE-1-DIABETES

DIABETES

When a Child Gets Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Part 2: What it is like to discover that your child has autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes</h3>

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Part 3: What it takes to cope with the shock of diagnosis and to adjust to life with autoimmune T1D</h3>

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Part 4: Whether there is value in knowing early on if a family member is developing autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes</h3>

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Part 5: Everyday life with autoimmune type 1 diabetes</h3>

<h3 style="text-align:center;">Full video: When A Child Gets Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes</h3>

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Parent's experiences of stage 3 diagnosis of T1D.

<h2>How does uncontrolled atopic dermatitis (AD) impact patients beyond the physical symptoms?</h2>
<h3>In addition to looking at clinical measures, it’s important to consider other ways AD may be impacting patients. Skin lesions and itch are just the tip of the iceberg.</h3>

86% of patients with uncontrolled moderateto- severe AD report suffering from daily itch1

Patients with moderate-to-severe AD report spending 31%-53% of the year in flare2

What burdens due to AD do your patients experience in their daily lives?

Understanding the broader consequences of uncontrolled AD and the complexity of its burden on patients’ lives is essential for comprehensive disease management.1

The itch that is common in AD can have a serious impact on both the quality and quantity of sleep a patient gets. Because of this, the time patients spend sleeping is an important sign of how AD is affecting them.3,4

In a survey that included over 2000 patients with AD,&nbsp;reported moderate-to-severe sleep disruption due to AD-related itch during the previous week3

Another study found that&nbsp;67 nights of sleep, or over 2 months per year,&nbsp;can be negatively impacted by AD in adults.2

<h3>This lack of sleep can have a negative impact leading to limitations on many aspects of life, from socializing to working. Sleep disruption can often also affect partners and caregivers.2,4</h3>

The itch that is so common in AD can have a cascading effect on patients’ lives, leading to sleep disturbances that in turn impact everyday functioning, including adverse effects on participation in activities and social interactions.2-4
The burden of AD is multifaceted, impacting the skin and so much more. To improve the quality of life of patients, interventions aimed at addressing the pathophysiology of AD are vital.

Beneath the skin of patients with AD—type 2 inflammation and the cytokines involved.

Referenties

Understanding the full scope of AD—the unseen burden on patients.

Sleep and QOL: the full impact on patients coping with the burden of AD

ATOPIC-DERMATITIS

DERMATOLOGY

<h2 id="pathogenesis">Is the pathogenesis of autoimmune T1D poorly understood?</h2>
The pathogenesis of autoimmune&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;involves a complex interaction between the beta cells and immune system.1&nbsp;It begins when the autoreactive T cells recognize and destroy the pancreatic beta cells. This leads to a critical decline in insulin levels, which in turn causes ineffective control of blood glucose levels. Eventually, the remaining beta cells become insufficient to maintain normal blood glucose reducing insulin secretion and leading to autoimmune&nbsp;T1D.2
Lately, many autoantigens responsible for triggering immune-mediated destruction of beta cells have been identified; however, the triggering factors for this autoimmune response remain poorly understood.2,3&nbsp;&nbsp;
Please hit the&nbsp;play button&nbsp;below&nbsp;to understand one of the potential mechanisms behind the triggering of the autoimmune response
<h3 style="text-align: center;">A potential mechanism for triggering autoimmune response2</h3>

Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a progressive disease in which the decline in beta cell function usually begins months or sometimes years before clinical symptoms are observed.1–3&nbsp;You can identify such patients at risk of developing autoimmune T1D before clinical symptoms are noticed by you or your patient.3

Can autoimmune type 1 diabetes be detected years before symptom onset?

<h2 id="onset">Does the onset of autoimmune T1D begin long before symptoms appear?</h2>
In general, autoimmune&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;is a disease continuum that progresses sequentially through identifiable stages before symptoms appear.&nbsp;The rate of progression of&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;from the stage of autoimmune response to symptomatic disease varies among individuals and may take from few months to decades.3

<h2>Genetic susceptibility and genetic risk detection of autoimmune T1D</h2>
It is noteworthy that people living with other associated autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease, are at an increased risk of developing autoimmune T1D than the general population.4&nbsp;Shared genetic risk factors and immune system dysregulation are potentially implicated both in polyautoimmunity (occurrence of ≥2 autoimmune diseases in a single patient) and family autoimmunity (presence of ≥2 autoimmune diseases in members of a nuclear family) among individuals with autoimmune&nbsp;T1D.5
Currently, first- or second-degree relatives of individuals with autoimmune&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;or pediatric population are being screened for increased risk of developing autoimmune&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;in the research setting.3
For additional information on common genetic risk factors linked to autoimmune&nbsp;T1D, please read this article.

<h3>Check for autoimmune type 1 diabetes!</h3>
Does your patient have an existing autoimmune condition?

<h2 id="stages">What are the stages of autoimmune T1D?</h2>
The Breakthrough&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;(formerly JDRF), the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) have proposed three distinct stages of development and progression of autoimmune&nbsp;T1D, starting with the stage of activation of autoimmune response against the&nbsp;beta cells&nbsp;through symptomatic&nbsp;T1D.3
<h3 style="text-align: center;">Progressive destruction of beta-cell function through different stages of autoimmune&nbsp;T1D3,6</h3>

In Stage 1, two or more autoantibodies against the pancreatic islets are detectible in the peripheral circulation which serve as a marker of autoimmunity. Beta-cell number and function begins to decline but are adequate to maintain normoglycemia.3

In Stage 2, progressive beta-cell damage compromises insulin production, and glycemic control cannot be maintained consistently, resulting in dysglycemia. Autoantibodies persist in the peripheral circulation.3

In Stage 3, beta-cell function is reduced such that blood glucose levels are consistently elevated and treatment with insulin is eventually required. Clinical symptoms of autoimmune&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;appear, including polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, fatigue, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).3

The below figure illustrates the three distinct stages of autoimmune T1D.

<h2 id="identification">Can autoimmune T1D be identified before symptom onset?</h2>
Conventionally, autoimmune&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;is diagnosed after onset of clinical symptoms. However, latest research evidence on pathophysiological mechanisms leading to development and progression of&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;enable us to identify autoimmune&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;in its presymptomatic stages (Stage 1 and Stage 2 as described above).3
Early detection of presymptomatic stages through screening for autoantibodies provides us with an opportunity to intervene, to delay and ultimately prevent the symptomatic manifestation of autoimmune&nbsp;T1D.3
Please click on the&nbsp;play button&nbsp;below to explore the potential benefits!
<h3 style="text-align: center;">Early identification of individuals at risk of autoimmune&nbsp;T1D&nbsp;has a range of potential benefits6,9–11</h3>

<h3>Early detection of autoimmune T1D is possible. You can identify patients at risk months to years before clinical symptoms appear!1-3</h3>

Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a progressive disease in which the decline in beta cell function usually begins months or sometimes years before clinical symptoms are observed.1–3 You can identify such patients at risk of developing autoimmune T1D before clinical symptoms are noticed by you or your patient.3

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When a Child Gets Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes

Sleep and QOL: the full impact on patients coping with the burden of AD

Can autoimmune type 1 diabetes be detected years before symptom onset?

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