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L'infiammazione di Tipo 2 può aumentare il rischio di riacutizzazioni e di compromissione della funzionalità polmonare nella BPCO.23,24

La BPCO è caratterizzata da produzione di muco, ostruzione delle vie aeree e tosse.13

L'infiammazione si manifesta a livello sistemico e locale

  • L'infiammazione cronica provoca cambiamenti strutturali, tra cui il restringimento delle vie aeree e la riduzione dell'elasticità dei polmoni.13
  • Alcuni studi hanno individuato una correlazione tra l'infiammazione e l'ipersecrezione di muco in patologie respiratorie come la BPCO.25

  

Ascolta il professor Nicola Hanania: "Non la consideriamo più come una malattia uguale per tutti".

1:36 minuti

Nicola Hanania è professore di medicina, direttore del reparto di terapia critica polmonare e medicina del sonno presso l'ospedale Ben Taub di Houston, Texas, e direttore del Centro di ricerca clinica sulle vie aeree, ACRC, presso il Bear College of Medicine.

Ascoltate l'intero episodio del podcast suSito web EMJ
Sponsorizzato da Sanofi e Regeneron, in collaborazione con EMJ.

Cerca una conta di eosinofili elevati nel sangue (>300 cellule/μL) - un biomarcatore dell'infiammazione di tipo 2 nella BPCO.13

 

Gli eosinofili elevati nella BPCO sono un tratto curabile e un marker dell'infiammazione di tipo 213

Le raccomandazioni GOLD 2024 riconoscono livelli elevati di EOS nel sangue come biomarcatore clinicamente utilizzato per identificare la BPCO con infiammazione di tipo 2.

L'infiammazione di tipo 2 nella BPCO può coinvolgere più vie di trasduzione del segnale, citochine e cellule infiammatorie.28-33

IL-4, IL-13 e IL-5 sono citochine di tipo 2 coinvolte nella BPCO.

   

  

aBasato sui risultati di 5 studi condotti su pazienti con BPCO senza asma. I livelli di eosinofili utilizzati per definire l'infiammazione di tipo 2 variavano da ≥300 cellule/μL a ≥340 cellule/μL (sangue), ≥2% nell'espettorato indotto o 3% nel sangue periferico. Le percentuali di pazienti con infiammazione di tipo 2 variavano dal 12,3% al ~40%.23,24
bUna riacutizzazione grave è stata definita come un'ospedalizzazione dovuta alla BPCO. Le esacerbazioni dovevano essere distanziate di almeno 4 settimane per essere considerate esacerbazioni separate.27
cIn una coorte di pazienti con EOS >200 cellule/μL.26
dRiprodotto su autorizzazione dell'American Thoracic Society. Fritzsching B et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(8):902-91325
eColorazione PAS in blu di alcian del muco nelle cellule epiteliali delle vie aeree.25
fRisultati di uno studio osservazionale su 1553 pazienti con BPCO di grado 2-4 alla spirometria GOLD (rapporto FEV1/FVC postbroncodilatatore <0,7, con FEV >80% predetto)23
gRisultati di uno studio osservazionale di 1 anno su 479 pazienti con BPCO, 173 dei quali avevano livelli di eosinofili nel sangue ≥200 cellule/μL e/o ≥2% della conta totale dei globuli bianchi.24

BPCO, broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva; EOS, eosinofili; FEV1, volume espiratorio forzato in 1 secondo; FVC, capacità vitale forzata; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; IFN-y, interferone-gamma; ILC2, cellule linfoidi innate di tipo 2; MUC5AC, mucina 5AC; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; TNF-a, fattore di necrosi tumorale alfa; TSLP, linfopoietina timica stromale.

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